A Travel Price Comparison for Families, Couples, and Backpackers Liverpool vs. Zurich for Music, Attractions, Food, and Nightlife

Should you visit Liverpool or Zurich?

Which is cheaper to visit? Which is more expensive for vacation?

Trying to figure out where to travel next? This travel comparison between Liverpool and Zurich can help. It includes a travel cost comparison in addition to other factors. For many travelers, the cost of a destination is a primary consideration when choosing where to go.

Liverpool

Liverpool is a fun-filled, diverse, and historic port city. And you can't forget about the live music, shopping, and museums.

Zurich

Zurich is a beautiful, historic, and liberal city. The beauty of this spot is also one of the main reasons why visitors come. And you can't forget about the nightlife, live music, and food.

Liverpool and Zurich: Pros and Cons

Pros
  • Popular museums and historical sights
  • Numerous theater shows
  • Active nightlife
  • Good music scene
  • Family-friendly
  • Good for couples and romance
  • Good for backpackers and budget travelers
Things to Consider
  • Less popular for food
Pros
  • Popular museums and historical sights
  • Popular for food and cuisine
  • Active nightlife
  • Good music scene
  • Scenic old town
  • Family-friendly
  • Good for couples and romance
  • Good for backpackers and budget travelers
  • Impressive beauty


Is there more to do in Liverpool or Zurich?

Visitors will generally find more to do in Zurich than Liverpool. While Liverpool is larger than Zurich, Zurich has more sights, attractions, and activities for tourists. Zurich is better known for its museums, food, historical sights, shopping, and impressive beauty, while Liverpool is more popular for its theatre productions and music. Zurich is more touristy than Liverpool and is known for its beautiful setting on Lake Zurich as well as its cafes, restaurants, and high prices. Also, Zurich is famous for The Grossmünster. Liverpool is well known for its many museums and art galleries, as well as being the hometown of "The Beatles."

How is Liverpool different from Zurich?

Which is Better for a Holiday?

Let's take a look at the differences and similarities between Zurich and Liverpool. Then, you can decide for yourself which place is better for your next trip.

Are the Museums and Historical Sights Better in Liverpool or Zurich?

Liverpool
Zurich

Zurich is well known for its museums and landmarks. Also, Liverpool is still popular, but not quite as popular for its historical sights.

You'll find a good number of museums and monuments packed into Zurich. Make sure you check out the Museum of Fine Arts, the Fraumünster, as well as the Swiss National Museum.

If you're looking for an educational opportunity, there are a decent number of museums and historical sights around Liverpool. Popular museums around town include Merseyside Maritime Museum, Victoria Gallery and Museum, and Walker Art Gallery.


Is Liverpool or Zurich Better for Theater?

Liverpool
Zurich

Liverpool is a well-known place for its theatre productions. However, Zurich is not a theatre destination.

Liverpool offers many theater and performance venues for visitors. The city has a diverse theater scene with major venues showing world renowned productions as well as cozy, local venues with small shows.

Zurich is not a theatre destination.

Is the Food Better in Liverpool or Zurich? Which Destination has the Best Restaurants?

Liverpool
Zurich

Zurich is well known for its restaurant scene. However, Liverpool is not particularly known for its local flavors and cuisine.

Eating is part of the travel experience when you visit Zurich. Many restaurants have a strong German influence, but you'll also find traditional Swiss dishes such as cheese and chocolate fondue. There are also several Michelin star restaurants in town.

Liverpool may not make the list for most foodies, but you'll find what you need while you're in town. There are a diversity of flavors that are influenced by the city's international population. There are also several famous local dishes including scouse (a meat stew), toad in the hole (a giant yorkie stuffed with British sausages) and wet nelly (a dessert).

Is Liverpool or Zurich Better for Nightlife?

Liverpool
Zurich

Party-goers will find similar levels of energy in Liverpool and Zurich.

Liverpool is a popular destination for visitors looking to party into the night. The nightlife is fun and diverse Head to the waterfront for comedy clubs or the Ropewalks and Seel Street if you want a swanky experience. Cavern Quarter is the place to go for an all night party.

Many people head to Zurich for the nightlife scene. The city has some of the best nightlife in Switzerland. There are a high concentration of bars and clubs around town, or you could check out one of the badis, which are pools that also act as bars during the summer months. They're usually located by the lake.


Is Liverpool or Zurich Better for Music?

Liverpool
Zurich

Liverpool is a must-visit destination for its live music scene. Also, Zurich is not as famous, but is still a good city to visit for its music scene.

Live music, and music in many other forms, is everyone in Liverpool Known as the birthplace of the Beatles, the city has been established as a rock and pop capital since the 1950s.

It's worth checking out the music scene in Zurich while you're in town. There are many nightclubs that offer a variety of music types including electronic music, rock, and even reggae.

Is Liverpool or Zurich Better for its Old Town?

Liverpool
Zurich

Zurich is an unbeatable place for its old town. However, Liverpool does not have a historic old town.

With a famous historical old-town, Zurich offers plenty to see. The city has an old town that is split into two parts on each side of the Limmat River. The historic districts are filled with churches, squares, and charming areas that are fun to explore. Walking tours are the best way to explore the old town.

Liverpool does not have a historic old town.

Is the Shopping Better in Liverpool or Zurich?

Liverpool
Zurich

Zurich is an unbeatable place for its shopping opportunities. Also, Liverpool is still popular, but not quite as popular for its shopping areas.

The abundance of shops in Zurich make it a world-class shopping destination. Visitors often buy chocolate, watches, and jewelry in this city. You'll find brand names and luxury items that are of high quality. Each neighborhood has its own character with stores ranging from traditional to international.

Many visitors explore the shopping areas in Liverpool. Head to Liverpool ONE for the area's best shopping. This is the largest open-air shopping center in the UK and it's filled with a mix of name brands and independent vendors.


Is Liverpool or Zurich Better for Families?

Liverpool
Zurich

Both Liverpool and Zurich are very good to visit with kids.

Liverpool is a very kid-friendly port city. One of the most popular activities for families is Pleasureland, an amuseument park with rides that are fun for young kids. The city also has many museums and play spaces that are great for families.

You'll find plenty of family-friendly things to do in Zurich. It's a surprisingly mellow city with a relaxing vibe that makes it easy to explore with kids. Popular family-friendly activities include swimming in the Limmat River, sailing on Lake Zurich, and visiting Josefwiese park, which has a large playground.

Is Liverpool or Zurich Better for Couples?

Liverpool
Zurich

Zurich is well known for its romantic activities. Also, Liverpool is still popular, but not quite as popular for couples.

Couples visit Zurich frequently as it offers plenty of romantic activities. One of the most romantic experiences you can have in town is visiting the Zurich Thermal Baths and Spa. There's an outdoor rooftop thermal pool as well as many ways that you can pamper yourselves.

Liverpool is a good port city for couples to visit. The city is fun, and the best way to enjoy a romantic getaway is to find a fun or unique activity that you can enjoy together. Going dancing, dining out, or seeing a show are all fun activities in the area.

Is Liverpool or Zurich Better for Backpackers and Budget Travelers?

Liverpool
Zurich

Liverpool and Zurich are notable places to visit for backpackers and budget travelers.

Liverpool is a good port city to visit for backpackers. The city has some fun hostels where you can stay and meet other travelers.

Plenty of backpackers visit Zurich. The city has a number of hostels to choose from, but, like most of Switzerland, the city is expensive in general.


Is Liverpool or Zurich Better for Students?

Liverpool
Zurich

Zurich is an unbeatable place for students. Also, Liverpool is still popular, but not quite as popular for its student-friendly activities.

Zurich is a very popular city for students. The city offers a number of unique experiences for international students. The academics are good and the university campuses are nice.

Many students visit Liverpool. The city is diverse, affordable, and offers an excellent academic environment. International students will fill welcomed and enjoy a fun city with a lot to offer.

Is Liverpool or Zurich Better for Public Transit? Which Is Easier to Get Around Without a Car?

Liverpool
Zurich

Zurich is well known for its public transit. Also, Liverpool is still popular, but not quite as popular for times when you don't have a car.

The public transit in Zurich can get you around easily. The system is made up of streetcars and buses.

While Liverpool offers some public transit options, it might not be your first choice. There are trains, buses, and ferries around the area.

Is Liverpool or Zurich a more walkable city?

Liverpool
Zurich

Liverpool and Zurich both are very good when exploring on foot.

Liverpool is a very walkable port city.

Zurich is a very walkable destination. There are paths that lead along the rivers and the lake connecting the old town areas to other parts of the city.


For even more information, also check out Is Liverpool Worth Visiting? and Is Zurich Worth Visiting?.

Should I spend more time in Zurich or Liverpool?

How long in Liverpool or Zurich?

In either Liverpool or Zurich, you'll find plenty of activities to fill your time. Most visitors tend to spend more time in Zurich than Liverpool because of the overall number of sights and activities. Usually, 2-3 days is a good amount of time for Liverpool, and 2-5 days is enough time in Zurich.

Families should spend more time in Zurich than Liverpool. Because of the many family-friendly attractions and fun things to do for kids in Zurich, it's a great place to visit with the whole family.

Couples should spend more time in Zurich than Liverpool. You'll find plenty of romantic sights and fun activities in Zurich that are perfect for a weekend getaway or a longer couple's trip.

Backpackers and budget travelers should spend more time in Zurich than Liverpool if your budget allows for it. With a larger number of budget-friendly sights, good nightlife, and active things to do, anyone traveling on a budget would have a good time in Zurich.


  • How many days in Liverpool or Zurich? Ideal Length of Stay
    Liverpool 2-3 
    Zurich 2-5

One day in Liverpool or Zurich?

Many travelers enjoy the shopping and museums when visiting the destination of Liverpool. But since there are so many activities, you'll likely want to spend more than one day exploring.

You'll find nightlife and live music around the city of Zurich. Visiting the old town is also a must. Since there is so much to do in the area, one day is probably not enough for all of it. It has many unique tourist attractions and fascinating things to do.

A weekend in Liverpool or Zurich?

Liverpool is a great place to explore. It is common to spend a weekend here. Don't miss the live music, as that's what most people do. With all of its activities, you can easily fill a weekend here. Your budget might influence how long you stay.

You'll find live music and food around the beautiful destination of Zurich. The old town is one of the main draws for visitors. This is a popular place to visit for a weekend.A weekend should give you a good understanding of everything this city has to offer. This city offers a variety of activities to choose from.

Five days in Liverpool or Zurich?

It's hard to know how much time to spend in Liverpool. Don't miss the live music, as that's what most people do. Five days may feel like too much time unless you plan to do a lot of relaxing. It has many unique tourist attractions and fascinating things to do.

You'll find food and shopping around the historic city of Zurich. The length of your ideal trip is an individual decision. If you have five days, this city makes for a great vacation. Exploring the old town is a popular activity. Most people head to the area for the shopping. Five days should give you a good understanding of everything this city has to offer.


A week in Liverpool or Zurich?

Travelers enjoy the nightlife and live music when visiting the diverse destination of Liverpool. This port city offers a variety of activities to choose from. Most people find that one week is more than enough time to see everything.

Zurich is a popular choice for travelers. Make sure you visit the old town while you're here. One week is usually plenty of time to spend here with extra days to spare. With this much time, visitors often visit nearby destinations or take day trips. It will give you the chance to have new experiences.


For some great organized tour ideas, see The Best Adventure Tours to United Kingdom, The Best Sightseeing Tours in United Kingdom, The Best Sightseeing Tours in Switzerland, and The Best Romantic Tours for Couples in Switzerland.


Which place is cheaper, Zurich or Liverpool?

These are the overall average travel costs for the two destinations.

The average daily cost (per person) in Liverpool is £161, while the average daily cost in Zurich is £216. These costs include accommodation (assuming double occupancy, so the traveler is sharing the room), food, transportation, and entertainment. While every person is different, these costs are an average of past travelers in each destination. What follows is a categorical breakdown of travel costs for Liverpool and Zurich in more detail.



Accommodation
  • Accommodation Hotel or hostel for one person
    Liverpool £76
    Zurich £137
  • Accommodation Typical double-occupancy room
    Liverpool £152
    Zurich £274
Compare Hotels in Liverpool and Zurich

Looking for a hotel in Liverpool or Zurich? Prices vary by location, date, season, and the level of luxury. See below for options and compare which is best for your budget and travel style.

Hotels in Liverpool


Hotels in Zurich


Kayak helps you find the best prices for hotels, flights, and rental cars for destinations around the world. Compare prices for multiple destinations when planning your next trip.


Our Analysis
We've analyzed the average and typical hotel prices based on guest reviews, star ratings, and hotel amenities here: Liverpool Hotel Prices and Zurich Hotel Prices.

Local Transportation
  • Local Transportation Taxis, local buses, subway, etc.
    Liverpool £26
    Zurich £29
Typical Local Transportation Prices in Liverpool

Below are a few samples from actual travelers for transportation costs in Liverpool:


  • City bike hire Liverpool
    £6.00

Hired Cars and Shuttles in Liverpool

Some specific examples of transportation prices in Liverpool:

  • BUS Transfer to/from John Lennon Airport: $5.75
  • Manchester Airport: BUS Transfer to/from Liverpool: $6.86
  • Liverpool Airport Arrival Private Transfer to Accommodation: $41
  • Liverpool to Liverpool Airport (LPL) - Departure Private Transfer: $41
  • Liverpool Cruise Port to Liverpool Airport (LPL) - Departure Private Transfer: $41
  • Liverpool Airport Transfer 1 to 10 Passengers One Way Transfer : $44
  • Private Departure Transfer from Liverpool City Center to Liverpool Airport (LPL): $47
  • Private Liverpool Departure Transfer - Liverpool Hotel / Accomm To Airport: $50
  • Private Liverpool Arrival Transfer:Liverpool John Lennon Airport to Hotel/Accomm: $50
  • Private Transfer from Stockton Heath to Manchester Airport (MAN): $64
  • Private Transfer from Knutsford to Manchester Airport (MAN): $64
  • Departure Private Transfer: Liverpool to Liverpool Airport LPL in Business Car: $65

Typical Local Transportation Prices in Zurich

Below are a few samples from actual travelers for transportation costs in Zurich:


  • City Pass (2)
    £23

Hired Cars and Shuttles in Zurich

Some specific examples of transportation prices in Zurich:

  • Airport Zurich Transfer Mercedes S Class 3pax: $179
  • Airport Zurich Transfer Mercedes V-Class 6pax: $168
  • Arrival Private Transfer from Zurich Airport ZRH to Zurich City by Luxury Van: $138
  • Arrival Transfer: Zurich Airport ZRH to Zurich in Luxury Van: $91
  • Arrival Transfer from Zurich Airport ZRH to Zurich City in Private Car/Van: $95
  • Davos: Private Transfer to/from Zurich Airport: $601
  • Departure Private Transfer from Zurich to Zurich Airport ZRH by Luxury Van: $138
  • Departure Transfer from Zurich City to Zurich Airport ZRH in Private Car/Van: $95
  • EnglishPrivate One Way Transfer Zurich Airport To Davos: $374
  • From Zurich Airport: 1-Way Private Transfer To Zurich Hotel: $78
  • From Zurich Airport: Private Transfer to Lucerne: $314
  • From Canyoning in Interlaken w/ Return Transfer: $257

Is it cheaper to fly into Liverpool or Zurich?

Prices for flights to both Zurich and Liverpool change regularly based on dates and travel demand. We suggest you find the best prices for your next trip on Kayak, because you can compare the cost of flights across multiple airlines for your prefered dates.





Food
  • Food Meals for one day
    Liverpool £59
    Zurich £50

Food Tours and Cooking Classes in Liverpool

Also, here are some specific examples of food and dining related activities in Liverpool.

  • Brewery Bus Tour with Beer Tasting and Pizza: $81
  • Brewery bus tour, 5 breweries, 12 beers, 1 pizza, 1 bus: $89
  • Guided Food Tour with Tastings: $100

Typical Food Prices in Zurich

Some typical examples of dining costs in Zurich are as follows:


  • Breakfast for 2
    £11

Entertainment
  • Entertainment Entrance tickets, shows, etc.
    Liverpool £36
    Zurich £29

Tours and Activities in Liverpool

Here are a few actual costs in Liverpool for available activities, ticket prices, and tours:

  • First Discovery Walk and Reading Walking Tour: $3.21
  • Liverpool Scavenger Hunt and Best Landmarks Self-Guided Tour: $3.27
  • Self-Guided Highlights Scavenger Hunt & Tour: $4.28
  • Escape Game and Tour: $4.28
  • A Hope Street Stroll: A self-guided tour from the Metropolitan Cathedral to LIPA: $5.20
  • City Exploration Game and Tour on your Phone: $6.36
  • Liverpool History and Culture: A Self-Guided Audio Tour along the River Mersey: $6.99
  • Liverpool’s Hidden Histories: A Self-Guided Walking Tour: $6.99
  • Discover Liverpool’s Legacy: A Self-Guided Audio Tour: $7.56
  • Discover Liverpool’s Legacy: A Self-Guided Audio Tour: $7.59
  • Albert Docks Sightseeing Cruise with Commentary: $9.99
  • Self-Guided Audio Tour: $11

Tours and Activities in Zurich

Some specific costs of activities, tours, and entrance tickets for Zurich are as follows:

  • First Discovery Walk and Reading Walking Tour: $3.21
  • Zurich in the Mirror of the Past: Self-Guided Reading Tour: $5.47
  • City Exploration Game and Tour on your Phone: $6.36
  • Zurich Highlights Self-Guided Scavenger Hunt and Tour: $6.42
  • Escape Game and Tour: $6.42
  • Best of Zürich: A Self-Guided Audio Tour in English: $7.87
  • Fun adventure tour of Outdoor Escape Game: $8.54
  • Self-Guided Audio Tour: $11
  • Zürich: Swiss Finance Museum Admission Ticket: $11
  • Zurich in the Mirror of the Past: Self-Guided Audio Tour: $11
  • The Dark Side of Self-Guided Audio City Tour: $11
  • Zurich Old Town Walking Tour: 2-Hours: $14

Alcohol
  • Alcohol Drinks for one day
    Liverpool £13
    Zurich £24

Sample the Local Flavors in Liverpool

Also in Liverpool, these are the prices for nightlife and alcohol related activities from various tour providers:

  • FunnyBoyz Liverpool - Drag Shows, Tributes, Brunches & Bar Crawls: $19
  • Liverpool Bar Maid-led Pub Crawl for Special Events: $50
  • Pirate Pub Crawl & Boat Tour: $56

Sample the Local Flavors in Zurich

Also in Zurich, these are the prices for nightlife and alcohol related activities from various tour providers:

  • Pub Crawl Nightlife Tour with Shots and Snacks: $31
  • eTukTuk Hot Stone BBQ and Wine Tour Zürich: $129


When we compare the travel costs of actual travelers between Liverpool and Zurich, we can see that Zurich is more expensive. And not only is Liverpool much less expensive, but it is actually a significantly cheaper destination. So, traveling to Liverpool would let you spend less money overall. Or, you could decide to spend more money in Liverpool and be able to afford a more luxurious travel style by staying in nicer hotels, eating at more expensive restaurants, taking tours, and experiencing more activities. The same level of travel in Zurich would naturally cost you much more money, so you would probably want to keep your budget a little tighter in Zurich than you might in Liverpool.

If you're trying to decide if either of these two destinations are within your price range, also see Is Liverpool Expensive? and Is Zurich Expensive?.


Which is Bigger, Liverpool or Zurich?

Liverpool has a larger population, and is about 37% larger than the population of Zurich. When comparing the sizes of Liverpool and Zurich, keep in mind that a larger population does not always imply the destination has more attractions or better activities. So, always research the type of place that you want to visit along with the activities and attractions that interest you.


When is the best time to visit Liverpool or Zurich?

Both destinations experience a temperate climate with four distinct seasons. And since both cities are in the northern hemisphere, summer is in July and winter is in January.

Should I visit Liverpool or Zurich in the Summer?

The summer attracts plenty of travelers to both Liverpool and Zurich. The music scene and the family-friendly experiences are the main draw to Liverpool this time of year. Furthermore, many travelers come to Zurich for the music scene and the family-friendly experiences.

Liverpool is cooler than Zurich in the summer. The daily temperature in Liverpool averages around 15°C (60°F) in July, and Zurich fluctuates around 21°C (70°F).

People are often attracted to the plentiful sunshine in Zurich this time of the year. Liverpool usually receives less sunshine than Zurich during summer. Liverpool gets 176 hours of sunny skies, while Zurich receives 241 hours of full sun in the summer.

In July, Liverpool usually receives less rain than Zurich. Liverpool gets 65 mm (2.6 in) of rain, while Zurich receives 89 mm (3.5 in) of rain each month for the summer.


  • Summer Average Temperatures July
    Liverpool 15°C (60°F) 
    Zurich 21°C (70°F)

Should I visit Liverpool or Zurich in the Autumn?

The autumn brings many poeple to Liverpool as well as Zurich. Many travelers come to Liverpool for the shopping scene and the music scene. Additionally, many visitors come to Zurich in the autumn for the shopping scene, the music scene, and the natural beauty of the area.

In the autumn, Liverpool is cooler than Zurich. Typically, the autumn temperatures in Liverpool in October average around 12°C (53°F), and Zurich averages at about 13°C (56°F).

In the autumn, Liverpool often gets less sunshine than Zurich. Liverpool gets 97 hours of sunny skies this time of year, while Zurich receives 120 hours of full sun.

Liverpool usually gets more rain in October than Zurich. Liverpool gets 78 mm (3.1 in) of rain, while Zurich receives 70 mm (2.8 in) of rain this time of the year.


  • Autumn Average Temperatures October
    Liverpool 12°C (53°F) 
    Zurich 13°C (56°F)

Should I visit Liverpool or Zurich in the Winter?

Both Zurich and Liverpool are popular destinations to visit in the winter with plenty of activities. Many visitors come to Liverpool in the winter for the museums, the shopping scene, the theater shows, and the cuisine. Also, most visitors come to Zurich for the museums, the shopping scene, and the cuisine during these months.

Zurich can be very cold during winter. In January, Liverpool is generally much warmer than Zurich. Daily temperatures in Liverpool average around 5°C (42°F), and Zurich fluctuates around 3°C (37°F).

Liverpool usually receives around the same amount of sunshine as Zurich during winter. Liverpool gets 53 hours of sunny skies, while Zurich receives 55 hours of full sun in the winter.

In January, Liverpool usually receives less rain than Zurich. Liverpool gets 69 mm (2.7 in) of rain, while Zurich receives 77 mm (3 in) of rain each month for the winter.


  • Winter Average Temperatures January
    Liverpool 5°C (42°F) 
    Zurich 3°C (37°F)

Should I visit Liverpool or Zurich in the Spring?

Both Zurich and Liverpool during the spring are popular places to visit. Also, the spring months attract visitors to Zurich because of the natural beauty.

Liverpool is cooler than Zurich in the spring. The daily temperature in Liverpool averages around 8°C (47°F) in April, and Zurich fluctuates around 12°C (53°F).

In the spring, Liverpool often gets around the same amount of sunshine as Zurich. Liverpool gets 144 hours of sunny skies this time of year, while Zurich receives 150 hours of full sun.

Liverpool usually gets less rain in April than Zurich. Liverpool gets 51 mm (2 in) of rain, while Zurich receives 79 mm (3.1 in) of rain this time of the year.


  • Spring Average Temperatures April
    Liverpool 8°C (47°F) 
    Zurich 12°C (53°F)

Typical Weather for Zurich and Liverpool

Liverpool Zurich
Temp (°C) Rain (mm) Temp (°C) Rain (mm)
Jan 5°C (42°F) 69 mm (2.7 in) 3°C (37°F) 77 mm (3 in)
Feb 5°C (41°F) 50 mm (2 in) 5°C (40°F) 70 mm (2.8 in)
Mar 6°C (44°F) 61 mm (2.4 in) 8°C (46°F) 72 mm (2.8 in)
Apr 8°C (47°F) 51 mm (2 in) 12°C (53°F) 79 mm (3.1 in)
May 11°C (52°F) 61 mm (2.4 in) 16°C (60°F) 101 mm (4 in)
Jun 14°C (56°F) 67 mm (2.6 in) 19°C (66°F) 100 mm (3.9 in)
Jul 15°C (60°F) 65 mm (2.6 in) 21°C (70°F) 89 mm (3.5 in)
Aug 15°C (60°F) 81 mm (3.2 in) 21°C (69°F) 104 mm (4.1 in)
Sep 14°C (57°F) 71 mm (2.8 in) 18°C (64°F) 79 mm (3.1 in)
Oct 12°C (53°F) 78 mm (3.1 in) 13°C (56°F) 70 mm (2.8 in)
Nov 8°C (47°F) 78 mm (3.1 in) 7°C (45°F) 82 mm (3.2 in)
Dec 6°C (44°F) 78 mm (3.1 in) 4°C (39°F) 83 mm (3.3 in)