A Travel Price Comparison for Families, Couples, and Backpackers Cologne vs. Dingle for Attractions, Nightlife, Families, and Couples

Should you visit Cologne or Dingle?

Which is cheaper to visit? Which is more expensive for vacation?

Should I visit Cologne or Dingle? This is a common question asked by many travelers. By figuring out which city has activities that align with your interests along with knowing which is more affordable, you'll understand where you can get more bang for your buck. So, let's dive into the details and the data, which all comes from actual travelers.

Cologne

Cologne is a fun, accessible, and vibrant city. As it's a big city, visitors will find plenty to do, too. It offers plenty of beauty for visitors. Other popular activities here include shopping, museums, and nightlife.

Dingle

Dingle is a scenic, rustic, and picturesque peninsula. With stunning beauty, it attracts visitors from all around. Other popular activities here include hiking, food, and beaches.

Cologne and Dingle: Pros and Cons

Pros
  • Popular museums and historical sights
  • Active nightlife
  • Scenic old town
  • Fun shopping
  • Popular at Christmas
  • Known for Christmas markets
  • Family-friendly
  • Good for couples and romance
  • Good for backpackers and budget travelers
  • Good for students
  • Good public transit
  • Very walkable
  • Big city activities
Pros
  • Popular beach
  • Good for hiking
  • Family-friendly
  • Good for couples and romance
  • Good for backpackers and budget travelers
  • Impressive beauty
Things to Consider
  • Less museums and historical sights
  • Less popular for nightlife
  • Public transit not as usable
  • Less walkable


Is there more to do in Cologne or Dingle?

Travelers will usually find more to do in Cologne. Although Cologne and Dingle are popular destinations, Cologne has more sights and attractions for tourists. Cologne is very popular for its museums, nightlife, historical sights, shopping, christmas markets, and big city activities, while Dingle attracts visitors for its beaches, hiking, and impressive beauty. Cologne is famous for its large and detailed cathedral, its festive Christmas markets, and its location along the Rhine River. It is also well known for The Cologne Cathedral. Dingle is famous for its traditional pubs, stunning coastline, and rugged cliffs.

The Cologne Cathedral
The Cologne Cathedral

How is Cologne different from Dingle?

Which is Better for a Holiday?

Let's take a look at the differences and similarities between Dingle and Cologne. Then, you can decide for yourself which place is better for your next trip.

Are the Museums and Historical Sights Better in Cologne or Dingle?

Cologne
Dingle

Cologne is a great destination for its museums and landmarks. However, Dingle is a peninsula with minimal options for its historical sights.

Cologne offers many unique museums, sights, and landmarks that will make for a memorable trip. At the heart of the city is Cologne Cathedral, which is stunningly intricate and highlights High Gothic architecture. It is one of the largest cathedrals in Europe. Other famous sights around town include Cologne City Hall, the Wallraf-Richartz & Ludwig Museums, and Hohenzollern Bridge.

While most people don't head to Dingle specifically for the museums and attractions, it does offer a few options. Most people visit for the natural beauty, but there are a couple of landmarks in the area including the Eask Tower, Gallarus Oratory, and the Blasket Centre.


Is the Food Better in Cologne or Dingle? Which Destination has the Best Restaurants?

Cologne
Dingle

Dining out at restaurants in both Cologne and Dingle can be an enjoyable experience.

There are many up and coming restaurants in the Cologne area. The food scene consists mostly of brewhouses and pubs, where you'll find local cuisine. There are also a number of international restaurants around town if you want something a little different. In particular, you'll find many Turkish kebab shops near the train station. Local dishes from Cologne include Halve Hahn (an open face sandwich), Hämmche (pork with sauerkraut or potatoes), and Mettbrütche (minced pork bread roll). For a sweet treat, there is no shortage of donut shops with decadently decorated toppings.

There are plenty of up and coming restaurants around Dingle. You'll find great seafood throughout the peninsula. There's also traditional Irish food available including Irish stew or cabbage and bacon.

Is Cologne or Dingle Better for Nightlife?

Cologne
Dingle

Cologne is a great destination for its evening party scene. However, Dingle is a peninsula with minimal options for nightlife.

The people in Cologne know how to have a good time. Head to one of the many beerhalls to check out the local nightlife scene. Make sure you try the local beer, Kölsch. Some of the most popular places for night include Ona Mor, Pepe, and Engel & Weiss.

Dingle doesn't have the most active nightlife scene. The area's not known for its nightlife but you can visit The Hillgrove, which is the peninsula's only nightclub. It's in a hotel and there is weekly entertainment.

Is Cologne or Dingle Better for Beaches?

Cologne
Dingle

Dingle is well known for the beach. However, Cologne is not a beach destination.

Dingle is considered a top beach destination. It's not hard to find a quiet beach with scenic views and a serene setting. Some of the best beaches in the area include Coumeenole, Brandon Bay, and Ventry.

Cologne is not a beach destination.


Is Cologne or Dingle Better for its Old Town?

Cologne
Dingle

Cologne is a popular place for its historic old town charm. However, Dingle does not have a historic old town.

Cologne offers a nice historic old town area. The Old Town is large, but its mostly been rebuilt with modern buildings. There are plenty of shopping areas where you can buy name brand clothing or sample sweets.

Dingle does not have a historic old town.

Is Cologne or Dingle Better for Hiking?

Cologne
Dingle

Dingle is well known for its hiking experiences. However, Cologne is not a hiking destination.

You'll find a nice variety of hiking trails around Dingle. There are a variety of walking paths and hiking trails that take you through the coastal setting, rolling mountains, and remote nature. Some of the best trails in the area include the long distance hiking trail the Dingle Way, Mount Brandon, and Glenteenassig Forest Park.

Cologne is not a hiking destination.

Is the Shopping Better in Cologne or Dingle?

Cologne
Dingle

Cologne is a great destination for its shopping areas. However, Dingle is not a noteworthy shopping destination.

Browsing through shops is a popular activity in Cologne. There is no shortage of clothing shops around Cologne. You'll find all of the major European chains with many souvenir shops mixed in. Schildergasse is a major shopping street in town, but there are also many shopping malls to choose from. For local markets, head to Wilhemplatz.

Dingle is not a noteworthy shopping destination.


Is Cologne or Dingle Better for Christmas?

Cologne
Dingle

Cologne is an unbeatable place for its Christmas activities. However, Dingle does not offer Christmas activities.

Cologne is a world class destination for shoppers. Cologne is one of the top Christmas destinations in Germany. You'll find many different markets spread around town that offer ice skating, curling, warm drinks, and local dishes. Foodies will appreciate the many samplings of local holiday favorites while shoppers will be able to pick up gifts and Christmas decorations that are locally made.

Dingle does not offer Christmas activities.

Is Cologne or Dingle Better for Christmas Markets?

Cologne
Dingle

Cologne is an unbeatable place for its Christmas markets. However, Dingle does not offer Christmas markets.

People travel from around the world to visit the Christmas markets in Cologne. Cologne is one of the top Christmas market destinations in Germany. You'll find many different markets spread around town that offer ice skating, curling, warm drinks, and local dishes. Foodies will appreciate the many samplings of local holiday favorites while shoppers will be able to pick up gifts and Christmas decorations that are locally made.

Dingle does not offer Christmas markets.

Is Cologne or Dingle Better for Families?

Cologne
Dingle

Cologne is a great destination for its family-friendly activities. Also, Dingle is still popular, but not quite as popular for its kid-friendly activities.

Cologne is known to be a very family-friendly place to visit. In addition to the stunning cathedral and impressive bridge, this city has many great playgrounds including Rheinpark, right across the river from old town. Kids who like high places will enjoy the view from the top of KölnTriangle. Popular kid-friendly museums in town include Odysseum and the Chocolate Museum. And if you have a day to spare, head to the indoor waterpark at Aqualand.

Dingle offers lots of family activities. There are coastal walks and beaches that are perfect for kids. You can also visit the Dingle Oceanworld Aquarium, do a dolphin tour, or enjoy some watersports. Horseback riding and Sandy Feet Farm are both fun as well.


Is Cologne or Dingle Better for Couples?

Cologne
Dingle

Dingle is well known for couples. Also, Cologne is still popular, but not quite as popular for romance.

Couples visit Dingle frequently as it offers plenty of romantic activities. Boat rides, sunset walks, and natural beauty all make this a fun place to explore with your significant other.

Cologne is a nice destination for couples. The city has a number of activities that couples will enjoy such as walks along the river, dining at nice restaurants, and Rhein River cruises. Also make sure you put a lock on the Hohenzollern Bridge to declare your commitment to each other.

Is Cologne or Dingle Better for Backpackers and Budget Travelers?

Cologne
Dingle

Dingle is well known for backpackers. Also, Cologne is still popular, but not quite as popular for backpackers and budget travelers.

Dingle is a very popular peninsula for backpackers and budget travelers. There are a good number of hostels on the peninsula and there are interesting music festivals and other events that make this a good backpacker destination.

Cologne is popular with backpackers and budget travelers. There are a few good hostels around town and many free sights that make this a budget-friendly destination for backpackers.

Is Cologne or Dingle Better for Students?

Cologne
Dingle

Cologne is a great destination for students. However, Dingle is not popular with students.

Cologne is a very popular city for students and younger travelers. The city is large enough to attract international students for all types of studies. It's also well connected to the German train system so it's easy to get out and explore the area.

Dingle is not popular with students.


Is Cologne or Dingle Better for Public Transit? Which Is Easier to Get Around Without a Car?

Cologne
Dingle

Cologne is an unbeatable place for its public transit. However, Dingle is a peninsula with minimal options for times when you don't have a car.

Visitors in Cologne can get around quickly with the extensive public transit system. KVB operates the system that includes trains, trams, and buses. The city is also easily connected to other nearby towns so it makes a great base for exploring the entire area.

Public transit is mostly limited in Dingle. Bus Eireann offers buses daily to Tralee and then there are connections to other destinations.

Is Cologne or Dingle a more walkable city?

Cologne
Dingle

Cologne is a great destination for its ease of walking around. However, Dingle is a peninsula with minimal options for its walkability.

Cologne is a very walkable destination. If you stick to the Old Town and nearby neighborhoods, you'll be able to explore easily on foot.

Dingle is generally not a very walkable city. If you have enough time, there are countless walking trails throughout the peninsula.

For even more information, also check out Is Cologne Worth Visiting? and Is Dingle Worth Visiting?.

Should I spend more time in Dingle or Cologne?

How long in Cologne or Dingle?

In either Cologne or Dingle, you'll find plenty of activities to fill your time. Most visitors tend to spend more time in Dingle than Cologne because of the overall number of sights and activities. Usually, 1-3 days is a good amount of time for Cologne, and 2-5 days is enough time in Dingle.

Families should spend more time in Cologne than Dingle. Because of the many family-friendly attractions and fun things to do for kids in Cologne, it's a great place to visit with the whole family.

Couples should spend more time in Cologne than Dingle. You'll find plenty of romantic sights and fun activities in Cologne that are great for a weekend getaway or a longer couple's trip.

Backpackers and budget travelers should spend more time in Cologne than Dingle if your budget allows for it. With a larger number of budget-friendly sights, good nightlife, and active things to do, anyone traveling on a budget would have a good time in Cologne.


  • How many days in Cologne or Dingle? Ideal Length of Stay
    Cologne 1-3 
    Dingle 2-5

One day in Cologne or Dingle?

Cologne is a bustling city that offers something for everyone. One day is often enough time to do most activities.

In Dingle, you'll find food. You'll find plenty of activities on the beach. This peninsula offers something for everyone. One day is usually not enough time for a trip here as there is plenty to do.


A weekend in Cologne or Dingle?

Cologne is a great place to explore. It is common to spend a weekend here. With all of its activities, you can easily fill a weekend here. Your budget might influence how long you stay.

In Dingle, you'll find food. The length of your trip often depends on your style of travel. A weekend here is typical. Hiking can easily take up a good amount of your time here, too. A weekend is a great amount of time to relax and see the many things that Dingle has to offer.

Five days in Cologne or Dingle?

It's hard to know how much time to spend in Cologne. Five days may feel like too much time unless you plan to do a lot of relaxing. It has many unique tourist attractions and fascinating things to do.

Dingle is a great place to explore. It is common to spend five days here. Many visitors spend time at the beach while visiting the area. Five days is a great amount of time to relax and see the many things that Dingle has to offer. Anyone can find something fun to do here.

A week in Cologne or Dingle?

Travelers enjoy the shopping and museums when visiting the colorful big city of Cologne. This city offers a variety of activities to choose from. Most people find that one week is more than enough time to see everything.

It's hard to know how much time to spend in Dingle. Many people enjoy the food when visiting Dingle. People usually spend lots of time at the beach. One week may feel like too much time unless you plan to do a lot of relaxing.


For some great organized tour ideas, see The Best Luxury Tours to Germany, The Best Budget Tours to Germany, The Best 10-Day Tours in Ireland, and The Best One Week (7-Day) Tours in Ireland.


Which place is cheaper, Dingle or Cologne?

These are the overall average travel costs for the two destinations.

The average daily cost (per person) in Cologne is €161, while the average daily cost in Dingle is €120. These costs include accommodation (assuming double occupancy, so the traveler is sharing the room), food, transportation, and entertainment. While every person is different, these costs are an average of past travelers in each destination. What follows is a categorical breakdown of travel costs for Cologne and Dingle in more detail.



Accommodation
  • Accommodation Hotel or hostel for one person
    Cologne 91
    Dingle 68
  • Accommodation Typical double-occupancy room
    Cologne 182
    Dingle 136
Compare Hotels in Cologne and Dingle

Looking for a hotel in Cologne or Dingle? Prices vary by location, date, season, and the level of luxury. See below for options and compare which is best for your budget and travel style.

Hotels in Cologne


Hotels in Dingle


Kayak helps you find the best prices for hotels, flights, and rental cars for destinations around the world. Compare prices for multiple destinations when planning your next trip.


Our Analysis
We've analyzed the average and typical hotel prices based on guest reviews, star ratings, and hotel amenities here: Cologne Hotel Prices and Dingle Hotel Prices.

Local Transportation
  • Local Transportation Taxis, local buses, subway, etc.
    Cologne 19
    Dingle 17

Hired Cars and Shuttles in Cologne

Some specific examples of transportation prices in Cologne:

  • Cologne Bonn Airport (CGN) to Bonn hotels - Arrival Private Transfer: $55
  • Cologne Bonn Airport (CGN) to Bonn hotels - Round-Trip Private Transfer: $109
  • Cologne Bonn Airport (CGN) to Cologne hotels - Round-trip Private Transfer : $98
  • Cologne hotels to Cologne Bonn Airport (CGN) - Departure Private Transfer: $49
  • Superior Private Transfer from Cologne City to Dortmund City: $64
  • Transfer from Cologne Airport CGN to Cologne City by Luxury Car: $83

Hired Cars and Shuttles in Dingle

Some specific examples of transportation prices in Dingle:

  • Dingle To Kerry Airport Private Chauffeur Transfer: $185

Is it cheaper to fly into Cologne or Dingle?

Prices for flights to both Dingle and Cologne change regularly based on dates and travel demand. We suggest you find the best prices for your next trip on Kayak, because you can compare the cost of flights across multiple airlines for your prefered dates.





Food
  • Food Meals for one day
    Cologne 50
    Dingle 41
Typical Food Prices in Cologne

Below are a few samples from actual travelers for food and meal costs in Cologne:


  • Dinner
    14
  • Donner Kebab
    4.00

Food Tours and Cooking Classes in Cologne

Also, here are some specific examples of food and dining related activities in Cologne.

  • Hard Rock Café with Set Menu for Lunch or Dinner: $27
  • Hard Rock Cafe Cologne With Set Lunch or Dinner: $29
  • Köln Südstadt kulinarisch – Die Food Tour: $48
  • 3-Hour Südstadt Food Tour: $481

Entertainment
  • Entertainment Entrance tickets, shows, etc.
    Cologne 20
    Dingle 9.51

Tours and Activities in Cologne

Here are a few actual costs in Cologne for available activities, ticket prices, and tours:

  • Cologne Walking Tour: The essential and unmissable one: $3.20
  • First Discovery Walk and Reading Walking Tour: $3.21
  • Original funky-fun Free Tour of Cologne: $3.21
  • Germany eSIM Tourist Roaming Data Plan: $4.28
  • Smartphone Scavenger Hunt Sightseeing Tour: $5.88
  • City Exploration Game and Tour on your Phone: $6.36
  • Cologne Scavenger Hunt and Best Landmarks Self-Guided Tour: $6.55
  • Aachen Scavenger Hunt and Best Landmarks Self-Guided Tour: $6.55
  • Highlights Self-Guided Scavenger Hunt & Tour: $6.95
  • Horrors of World War II Self-Guided Audio Tour: $7.48
  • Cologne Scavenger Hunt and Self Guided Walking Tour on your Phone: $7.63
  • Aachen Scavenger Hunt and Self Guided Walking Tour on your Phone: $7.63

Tours and Activities in Dingle

Here are a few actual costs in Dingle for available activities, ticket prices, and tours:

  • Boat Tour of Dingle Peninsula: $14
  • Dingle Peninsula Virtual Tour: $16
  • Dingle Bay Cliff Tour: $21
  • 2-hour Guided Mini Eco Tour at Dingle, Ireland: $49
  • Morning Tasting and Sightseeing Guided Tour in Dingle Ireland: $55
  • Self-Guided eBike Tour: $59
  • Dingle Peninsula and Slea Head Drive Group Tour: $76
  • Blasket Eco Tour.: $82
  • Dingle Dolphin Blasket Adventures: $84
  • Dingle Boat Tours Wildlife RIB Adventure: $87
  • Blasket Island Sea Life Rib Tour,: $93
  • Wildlife Tour: $98

Alcohol
  • Alcohol Drinks for one day
    Cologne 23
    Dingle 16

Sample the Local Flavors in Cologne

Here are a few nightlife and alcohol tours and activities from local tour providers in Cologne:

  • Old Town Walking Tour with Brewery and Kölsch Beer: $18
  • Public brewery tour in Cologne in English: $18
  • Public brewery tour in German in Cologne: $18
  • Guided tour of the old town with a visit to the brewery in Cologne: $19
  • Old Town Walking Tour inkl Brewery Visit: $24
  • Entertaining Brewery Tour: Feel Good Package including local beer: $27
  • South Cologne Walking Tour with brewery visit: $27
  • Pub Crawl Cologne Including Admission Fee for Bars and Shots: $27
  • Brewery Tour with 3 Kölsch Beer Tastings: $29
  • Brewery Tour with Beer Tasting and Halven Hahn: $31
  • The Legendary Kölsch Brewery Tour: $32
  • The Legendary Kölsch Brewery Tour: $33


When we compare the travel costs of actual travelers between Cologne and Dingle, we can see that Cologne is more expensive. And not only is Dingle much less expensive, but it is actually a significantly cheaper destination. So, traveling to Dingle would let you spend less money overall. Or, you could decide to spend more money in Dingle and be able to afford a more luxurious travel style by staying in nicer hotels, eating at more expensive restaurants, taking tours, and experiencing more activities. The same level of travel in Cologne would naturally cost you much more money, so you would probably want to keep your budget a little tighter in Cologne than you might in Dingle.

If you're trying to decide if either of these two destinations are within your price range, also see Is Cologne Expensive? and Is Dingle Expensive?.


Which is Bigger, Cologne or Dingle?

Cologne has a larger population, and is about 490 times larger than the population of Dingle. When comparing the sizes of Cologne and Dingle, keep in mind that a larger population does not always imply the destination has more attractions or better activities. So, always research the type of place that you want to visit along with the activities and attractions that interest you.


When is the best time to visit Cologne or Dingle?

Both destinations experience a temperate climate with four distinct seasons. And since both cities are in the northern hemisphere, summer is in July and winter is in January.

Should I visit Cologne or Dingle in the Summer?

Both Dingle and Cologne are popular destinations to visit in the summer with plenty of activities. The summer months attract visitors to Cologne because of the city activities and the family-friendly experiences. Also, the beaches, the hiking, and the family-friendly experiences are the main draw to Dingle this time of year.

Cologne is a little warmer than Dingle in the summer. The daily temperature in Cologne averages around 19°C (66°F) in July, and Dingle fluctuates around 15°C (59°F).

Cologne usually receives more sunshine than Dingle during summer. Cologne gets 184 hours of sunny skies, while Dingle receives 140 hours of full sun in the summer.

In July, Cologne usually receives around the same amount of rain as Dingle. Cologne gets 80 mm (3.1 in) of rain, while Dingle receives 74 mm (2.9 in) of rain each month for the summer.


  • Summer Average Temperatures July
    Cologne 19°C (66°F) 
    Dingle 15°C (59°F)

Should I visit Cologne or Dingle in the Autumn?

Both Dingle and Cologne during the autumn are popular places to visit. The city's sights and attractions, the shopping scene, and the natural beauty of the area are the main draw to Cologne this time of year. Furthermore, many travelers come to Dingle for the hiking trails and the natural beauty of the area.

In the autumn, Cologne is around the same temperature as Dingle. Typically, the autumn temperatures in Cologne in October average around 12°C (54°F), and Dingle averages at about 12°C (53°F).

In the autumn, Cologne often gets more sunshine than Dingle. Cologne gets 104 hours of sunny skies this time of year, while Dingle receives 79 hours of full sun.

Dingle gets a good bit of rain this time of year. Cologne usually gets less rain in October than Dingle. Cologne gets 54 mm (2.1 in) of rain, while Dingle receives 156 mm (6.2 in) of rain this time of the year.


  • Autumn Average Temperatures October
    Cologne 12°C (54°F) 
    Dingle 12°C (53°F)

Should I visit Cologne or Dingle in the Winter?

The winter attracts plenty of travelers to both Cologne and Dingle. Many travelers come to Cologne for the museums, the Christmas ambience, the shopping scene, and the cuisine. Furthermore, many visitors come to Dingle in the winter for the museums and the cuisine.

Be prepared for some very cold days in Cologne. In January, Cologne is generally much colder than Dingle. Daily temperatures in Cologne average around 3°C (37°F), and Dingle fluctuates around 7°C (44°F).

Cologne usually receives around the same amount of sunshine as Dingle during winter. Cologne gets 43 hours of sunny skies, while Dingle receives 44 hours of full sun in the winter.

Dingle receives a lot of rain in the winter. In January, Cologne usually receives less rain than Dingle. Cologne gets 61 mm (2.4 in) of rain, while Dingle receives 167 mm (6.6 in) of rain each month for the winter.


  • Winter Average Temperatures January
    Cologne 3°C (37°F) 
    Dingle 7°C (44°F)

Should I visit Cologne or Dingle in the Spring?

The spring brings many poeple to Cologne as well as Dingle. Many visitors come to Cologne in the spring for the activities around the city and the natural beauty. Additionally, most visitors come to Dingle for the beaches and the natural beauty during these months.

Cologne is a little warmer than Dingle in the spring. The daily temperature in Cologne averages around 10°C (50°F) in April, and Dingle fluctuates around 9°C (48°F).

In the spring, Cologne often gets around the same amount of sunshine as Dingle. Cologne gets 152 hours of sunny skies this time of year, while Dingle receives 150 hours of full sun.

Cologne usually gets less rain in April than Dingle. Cologne gets 55 mm (2.2 in) of rain, while Dingle receives 76 mm (3 in) of rain this time of the year.


  • Spring Average Temperatures April
    Cologne 10°C (50°F) 
    Dingle 9°C (48°F)

Typical Weather for Dingle and Cologne

Cologne Dingle
Temp (°C) Rain (mm) Temp (°C) Rain (mm)
Jan 3°C (37°F) 61 mm (2.4 in) 7°C (44°F) 167 mm (6.6 in)
Feb 4°C (39°F) 48 mm (1.9 in) 7°C (44°F) 123 mm (4.8 in)
Mar 7°C (44°F) 63 mm (2.5 in) 8°C (46°F) 123 mm (4.8 in)
Apr 10°C (50°F) 55 mm (2.2 in) 9°C (48°F) 76 mm (3 in)
May 14°C (58°F) 68 mm (2.7 in) 11°C (52°F) 90 mm (3.5 in)
Jun 17°C (63°F) 76 mm (3 in) 13°C (56°F) 79 mm (3.1 in)
Jul 19°C (66°F) 80 mm (3.1 in) 15°C (59°F) 74 mm (2.9 in)
Aug 19°C (66°F) 73 mm (2.9 in) 15°C (59°F) 111 mm (4.4 in)
Sep 16°C (61°F) 62 mm (2.5 in) 14°C (56°F) 124 mm (4.9 in)
Oct 12°C (54°F) 54 mm (2.1 in) 12°C (53°F) 156 mm (6.2 in)
Nov 7°C (45°F) 65 mm (2.6 in) 9°C (48°F) 148 mm (5.8 in)
Dec 4°C (39°F) 71 mm (2.8 in) 8°C (46°F) 159 mm (6.3 in)